Pomacea canaliculata, commonly known as the channelled apple snail, is a species of freshwater snail in the family Ampullariidae, also known as the apple snails. This species is particularly noteworthy for its potential as an invasive species and the impact it can have on aquatic ecosystems and agriculture. Pomacea canaliculata is known for its relatively large, globular shell, which can vary in color but is often bright golden-brown with darker band patterns. The snail possesses both a gill and a lung, allowing it to respire in aquatic and terrestrial environments, which is unusual among mollusks.
Channeled Apple Snail
Pomacea canaliculata
Classification
KINGDOM
:
Animalia
PHYLUM
:
Mollusca
CLASS
:
Gastropoda
ORDER
:
Architaenioglossa
FAMILY
:
Ampullariidae
GENUS
:
Pomacea
SPECIES
:
Pomacea canaliculata
Other Information
Venomous?
Pomacea canaliculata is not venomous or poisonous in itself; however, it can pose other risks. In some regions, it is a vector for the rat lungworm parasite, which can cause meningitis in humans if raw or undercooked snails are consumed.
A Danger to Humans?
While not directly dangerous in terms of venom, the primary concern with Pomacea canaliculata is its status as an invasive species. It has been known to cause significant damage to rice crops and native vegetation in areas where it has been introduced, leading to economic and ecological disruptions.
Population Status
As an invasive species, Pomacea canaliculata has established large, robust populations in many non-native regions. Its ability to reproduce rapidly, coupled with a lack of natural predators in these areas, allows its population to grow unchecked, exacerbating its impact.
Channeled Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata), Photo by David Lowenthal
Life Span:
Pomacea canaliculata can live for several years under optimal conditions, typically around 1-4 years. Life span can be influenced by environmental factors and the availability of resources.
Weight and Length:
This species can grow quite large, with adults typically reaching sizes of 40 to 70 mm in diameter and heavier weights compared to other freshwater snails.
Distribution:
Originally from South America, Pomacea canaliculata has been introduced to Southeast Asia, parts of the United States, and other regions primarily through the aquarium trade and as a potential source of food.
Habits and Lifestyle:
Pomacea canaliculata is primarily aquatic but can leave the water to forage or escape poor conditions. It is known for its ability to consume large quantities of plant material, which contributes to its success as an invasive species.
Diet and Nutrition:
The diet of Pomacea canaliculata is predominantly herbivorous, feeding on a wide variety of aquatic vegetation, algae, and sometimes even decaying organic matter. In agricultural areas, it can become a pest by feeding on rice seedlings and other crop plants.
Mating Habits:
Pomacea canaliculata is oviparous, laying eggs in clutches above the waterline on vegetation, structures, or other submerged objects. This reproductive strategy helps protect the eggs from aquatic predators and facilitates the rapid expansion of populations.