Green Junglefowl (Gallus varius)

The Green Junglefowl (Gallus varius) is a wild galliform bird in the family Phasianidae, native to Indonesia, particularly the islands of Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, and surrounding islands. It is closely related to other junglefowl species and is notable for its striking plumage and distinctive vocalizations.

Adult males are characterized by iridescent green and blue plumage, elongated neck hackles, and a single, smooth comb that is bluish to purplish in color—distinct from the serrated combs of other junglefowl species. Females are more cryptically colored, with brownish and mottled plumage that provides effective camouflage in forested habitats.

Green Junglefowl inhabit tropical lowland forests, forest edges, scrublands, and agricultural margins. They are primarily terrestrial and omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruits, shoots, insects, and other small invertebrates. Breeding typically occurs during the dry season, with nests placed on the ground and clutches of several eggs incubated by the female.

Ecologically, Gallus varius plays a role in seed dispersal and insect control. The species also holds cultural and historical importance in Indonesia, where it has been traditionally valued and has contributed genetically to certain domestic chicken varieties.