Birds (Class Aves)

Aves is a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of feathers, beaks without teeth, and forelimbs modified into wings. Birds are endothermic (warm-blooded) and possess lightweight, often pneumatic bones that facilitate flight, although some species are flightless.

Members of Class Aves exhibit a highly efficient respiratory system with lungs and air sacs, enabling continuous airflow and high metabolic rates. The four-chambered heart ensures effective oxygen circulation throughout the body. Reproduction occurs through internal fertilization, and birds are oviparous, laying hard-shelled eggs.

Birds are found in nearly all regions of the world, from polar areas to tropical forests and oceans. They occupy a wide range of ecological niches and play vital roles as pollinators, seed dispersers, predators, and scavengers. The class Aves includes diverse groups such as songbirds, raptors, waterfowl, seabirds, and flightless birds.